Most diatomite deposits are found at or near the earth's surface and can be mined by open pit methods or quarrying. Diatomite mining in the China is all open pit, normally using some combination of bulldozers, scraper-carriers, power shovels, and trucks to remove overburden and the crude material. In most cases, fragmentation by drilling and blasting is not necessary.

THE CALCINATION PROCESS

The processing of uncalcined or natural-grade diatomite consists of crushing and drying. Crude diatomite commonly contains as much as 40 percent moisture, in many cases over 60 percent. Primary crushing to aggregate size (normally done by a hammermill) is followed by simultaneous millingdrying, in which suspended particles of diatomite are carried in a stream of hot gases. Flash and rotary dryers are used to dry the material to a powder of approximately 15 percent moisture. Typical flash dryer operating temperatures range from 70 to 430 C (150 to 800 F). The suspended particles exiting the dryer pass through a series of fans, cyclones, and separators to a baghouse. These sequential operations separate the powder into various sizes, remove waste impurities, and expel the absorbed water. These natural-milled diatomite products are then bagged or handled in bulk without additional processing.